Thoracic aortic reactivity in obese patients submitted to aerobic exercise / Reatividade da aorta torácica em pacientes obesos submetidos ao exercício aeróbico / Reactividad de la aorta torácica en pacientes obesos sometidos a ejercicio aeróbico

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobic exercise can improve the function of the cardiovascular circulatory system, reducing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease by stimulating the production of endogenous self-protection. Activating potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells can cause vasodilation and increase blood flow, lowering blood pressure. There is a sensitivity to intracellular ATP and ADP concentration among the variety of potassium channels distributed in vascular smooth muscle cells, which vary mainly during aerobic physical activity. Objective: Explore the effect of aerobic exercise on the vascular reactivity of the thoracic aorta in patients with obesity and hyperlipidemia. Methods: Randomized controlled trial in twenty male Wistar rats weighing 250g and two months old. The control group remained at rest while the experimental group performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill at increasing speed for eight weeks. The rats were dissected, and dilatators and vasoconstrictors drugs stimulated their blood vessels in a tamponade solution. Observation of vascular changes was measured under controlled tensioning. Results: The blockade of KATP channels in vascular smooth muscle caused tonic contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells and increased blood pressure. Conclusion: Long-term regular aerobic exercise may induce changes in rats' thoracic aortic vascular function and vascular smooth muscle reactivity. Aerobic exercise can also significantly improve the activity of KATP channels. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício aeróbico pode melhorar a função do sistema circulatório cardiovascular, reduzindo a morbidade e mortalidade de doenças cardiovasculares estimulando a produção de autoproteções endógenas. A ativação de canais de potássio nas células musculares lisas vasculares pode causar vasodilatação e aumentar o fluxo sanguíneo, diminuindo a pressão sanguínea. Há uma sensível a concentração de ATP intracelular e ADP dentre a variedade de canais de potássio distribuídos em células musculares lisas vasculares, que variam principalmente durante a atividade física aeróbica. Objetivo: Explorar o efeito do exercício aeróbico na reatividade vascular da aorta torácica em pacientes com obesidade e hiperlipidemia. Métodos: Estudo randomizado controlado em vinte ratos Wistar machos de 250g e 2 meses de idade. O grupo controle permaneceu sob repouso enquanto o experimental realizava exercícios aeróbicos em esteira com velocidade crescente durante 8 semanas. Os ratos foram dissecados e seus vasos sanguíneos estimulados com drogas vasoconstritoras e dilatadoras em solução tampão. A observação das alterações vasculares foi mensurada sob tensionamento controlado. Resultados: O bloqueio dos canais KATP no músculo liso vascular causou contração tônica das células musculares lisas vasculares e aumento da pressão arterial. Conclusão: Exercícios aeróbicos regulares de longo prazo podem induzir alterações na função vascular da aorta torácica e reatividade do músculo liso vascular em ratos. O exercício aeróbico também pode melhorar significativamente a atividade dos canais KATP. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio aeróbico puede mejorar la función del sistema circulatorio cardiovascular, reduciendo la morbilidad y la mortalidad de las enfermedades cardiovasculares al estimular la producción de autoprotección endógena. La activación de los canales de potasio en las células del músculo liso vascular puede causar vasodilatación y aumentar el flujo sanguíneo, reduciendo la presión arterial. Existe una sensibilidad a la concentración intracelular de ATP y ADP entre la variedad de canales de potasio distribuidos en las células del músculo liso vascular, que varían principalmente durante la actividad física aeróbica. Objetivo: Explorar el efecto del ejercicio aeróbico sobre la reactividad vascular de la aorta torácica en pacientes con obesidad e hiperlipidemia. Métodos: Ensayo controlado aleatorio en veinte ratas Wistar macho de 250 g y 2 meses de edad. El grupo de control permaneció en reposo mientras que el grupo experimental realizó ejercicios aeróbicos en una cinta de correr a velocidad creciente durante 8 semanas. Las ratas fueron disecadas y sus vasos sanguíneos fueron estimulados con fármacos vasoconstrictores y dilatadores en solución amortiguada. La observación de los cambios vasculares se midió bajo tensión controlada. Resultados: El bloqueo de los canales KATP en el músculo liso vascular provocó una contracción tónica de las células del músculo liso vascular y un aumento de la presión arterial. Conclusión: El ejercicio aeróbico regular a largo plazo puede inducir cambios en la función vascular de la aorta torácica y en la reactividad del músculo liso vascular en ratas. El ejercicio aeróbico también puede mejorar significativamente la actividad del canal KATP. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Application of lateral supraclavicular incision in unilateral thyroid papillary carcinoma surgery / Incisão supraclavicular lateral em cirurgia de carcinoma papilífero unilateral de tireoide

Abstract Introduction The standard approach to thyroidectomy is a collar incision via the anterior neck, and the neck scar has always been a source of worry for patients. Acceptable wound cosmetology has become a focus for thyroid surgeons. Objective To verify the effectiveness and cosmetic results of thyroidectomy through a lateral supraclavicular incision. Methods 180 patients were randomly divided into two groups: a lateral supraclavicular approach and a conventional transcervical approach. The main outcomes included incision length, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, total drainage volume, hospitalization expense, early postoperative pain measured by visual analog scale, infection, and perceived cosmetic outcome. Results There were no statistical significances between the two groups in terms of age, gender, nodule size, intraoperative blood loss, operative time, total drainage volume, hospital expense and postoperative complications, whereas there were significant differences in terms of incision length (5.2 ± 1.04 cm vs. 6.9 ± 1.14 cm, p < 0.05). Conclusions The lateral supraclavicular incision is a safe and feasible approach for thyroidectomy. Compared with conventional approach, it provides a better cosmetic result.

Resumo Introdução A abordagem padrão para tireoidectomia é uma incisão em colar na face anterior do pescoço; a cicatriz no pescoço sempre foi uma fonte de preocupação para os pacientes; consequentemente, a cosmetologia aceitável da ferida tornou‐se um foco de atenção para os cirurgiões de cabeça e pescoço. Objetivos Verificar a eficácia e os resultados cosméticos da tireoidectomia por meio de incisão supraclavicular lateral. Método Foram divididos aleatoriamente 180 pacientes em dois grupos: um grupo supraclavicular lateral (Grupo LS) e outro transcervical convencional (Grupo TC). Os desfechos principais incluíram comprimento da incisão, perda de sangue intraoperatória, tempo cirúrgico, volume total de drenagem, despesas hospitalares, dor no pós‐operatório imediato medida através de escala visual analógica, infecção e resultado cosmético percebido. Resultados Não houve significância estatística entre os dois grupos em termos de idade, sexo, tamanho do nódulo, perda sanguínea intraoperatória, tempo cirúrgico, volume total de drenagem, custo hospitalar e complicações pós‐operatórias, mas houve diferença significante em termos de comprimento da incisão (5,2 ± 1,04 cm vs. 6,9 ± 1,14 cm, p < 0,05). Conclusão A incisão supraclavicular lateral é uma abordagem segura e viável para tireoidectomia. Em comparação com a abordagem convencional, oferece um melhor resultado cosmético.

Impact of microplastics on children s health / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#As a new type of pollutant, microplastics have attracted extensive attention. Children in a critical stage of growth and development are vulnerable to microplastics. Summarzing the relevant laws and regulations and the source of microplastics, the paper demonstrates the ways of microplastics entering human body, some toxic effects of microplastics found in recent experimental studies and their potential hazards to children s health are introduced in detail.

Role of school based symptom monitoring system in public health emergencies in Hangzhou / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the role of school based symptom monitoring system in public health emergencies in Hangzhou, to provide the basis for prevention and control strategies for public health emergencies in schools.@*Methods@#Data regarding school public health emergencies in Hangzhou in 2019 were collected from the Public Health Emergencies Report Management Information System, and data regarding public health early warning in schools were collected from the Hangzhou School Symptom Monitoring System. The usage of school symptom monitoring system was analyzed by SAS 9.0 software, and the positive warning events and public health emergencies were compared and analyzed, the rate and composition ratio were compared with the χ 2 test, the number of cases was compared with the non parameter rank and the Mann Whitney test, and the trend test was conducted using Cochran Armitage test.@*Results@#In 2019, the average use rate of the city s school symptom monitoring system was 54.65%, the average response rate of automatic early warning was 70.68%, and the use rate (χ 2=860.79, p<0.01) and automatic early warning response rate (χ 2=1 615.91，P<0.01) of school systems varied greatly by region. In 2019, 161 positive early warning incidents were detected through the school symptom monitoring system, 197 public health emergencies were reported through the emergency network, and fewer public health emergencies were reported in areas where more positive warning events were detected(Z=10.65，P<0.01). The proportion of disease category in positive warning events was different from that in public health emergencies in(χ 2=28.33, P<0.01). The number of cases of positive early warning events of the same disease was much lower than the number of cases of public health emergencies without warning, and the time of positive warning signals was on average 4 days ahead of the time of receiving the report of public health emergencies.@*Conclusion@#Smartphone based school symptom monitoring system in Hangzhou plays a sentinel role in public health emergencies prevention and control in schools.

Targeting EZH2 depletes LMP1-induced activated regulatory T cells enhancing antitumor immunity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical factors that impair antitumor immunity. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is one of the most pathogenic factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the role of EBV-encoded LMP1 in regulating Treg generation in NPC remains unclear. Materials and Methods: The in vitro stability of activated Tregs (aTregs) influenced by LMP1 was analyzed by flow cytometry. The inhibitory effects of LMP1-HONE1 antigen-induced aTregs on tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific T cells were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the expression of LMP1, Foxp3, and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) were analyzed in samples from 86 NPC patients by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Results: LMP1 upregulated the expression of EZH2, which increased the stability of aTregs in vitro. EZH2 inhibitor, DZnep, depleted LMP1-HONE1 antigen-induced aTregs in vitro and led to potent TAA-specific T cell antitumor immunity in vivo. In NPC tissues, LMP1 expression level was positively correlated with the number of EZH2+ Tregs, which was positively correlated with clinical stage and overall survival. Conclusions: EZH2 is essential for maintaining the stability and inhibitory functions of aTregs that are induced by EBV-encoded LMP1 in NPC

Epidemiology and outcomes of anal abscess in patients on chronic dialysis: a 14-year retrospective study

OBJECTIVES: We conducted this retrospective study to elucidate the clinical presentation and outcomes of anal abscess in chronic dialysis patients. METHODS: We performed a chart review of patients who were hospitalized for anal abscess from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2015. A total of 3,074 episodes of anal abscess were identified. Of these, 43 chronic dialysis patients with first-time anal abscess were enrolled. Patients were divided into a surgical group and a nonsurgical group according to the treatment received during hospitalization. The baseline characteristics, clinical findings, treatments and outcomes were obtained and analyzed. The endpoints of this study were in-hospital mortality, one-year mortality and one-year recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients, 27 (62.7%) received surgical treatment, and 16 (37.2%) received antibiotic treatment alone. There was no significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, smoking habits, comorbidities, or dialysis characteristics between the two groups. Perianal abscess was the most common type of anal abscess, and 39.5% of patients experienced fistula formation. Most patients had mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora. Our data demonstrate that there was no significant difference in hospital stay, one-year survival or recurrence rate between the surgical group and nonsurgical group. However, there was a trend toward better in-hospital survival in patients who received surgical treatment (p=0.082). CONCLUSION: In chronic dialysis patients with anal abscess, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical presentation and outcomes between the surgical and nonsurgical groups, although the surgical group had a trend of better in-hospital survival.

A smartphone-based school syndromic surveillance system and its application in Hangzhou / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To establish and implement a smartphone-based school syndromic surveillance system, and to provide references for school communicable disease control and prevention.@*Methods@#A smartphone-based school syndromic surveillance system was constructed and applied. A list of seven symptoms including fever, cough, vomit, diarrhea, rash, red eye and parotid swelling was classified as targeted indicators. Spatio-temporal permutation scanning was applied to automatic early warning.@*Results@#A total of 1 973 school joined the syndromic surveillance system. System usage rate was 54.13%, no significant differences were found among different types of schools(χ2=1.58, P=0.67), whereas significant differences were observed among counties（χ2=726.78, P<0.01). Totally, 852 036 pieces of symptoms data were reported during September 2018 to March 2019, the primary symptoms included cough (35.17%) and fever (21.11%). Time trends in different symptoms varied with time, with fever and cough highest in January, vomit and diarrhea in November. Thirteen pieces of early warning were confirmed as school communicable diseases by field investigation, the average number of the infected students were four.@*Conclusion@#The smartphone-based school syndromic surveillance system is generally acceptable. Characteristic seasonal distributions of school communicable diseases are reflected accurately by surveillance system which plays an active role in prevention and control of school communicable diseases.

Correlation of Enhancement Degree on Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound with Histopathology of Carotid Plaques and Serum High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study was undertaken to investigate the correlation of the enhancement degree on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with the histopathology of carotid plaques and the serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA).Carotid CEUS was performed preoperatively in 115 patients who would undergo CEA,and the enhancement degree of the carotid plaques was evaluated by both the visual semiquantitative analysis and the quantitative time-intensity curve analysis.Serum hs-CRP levels were detected using the particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay also before the operation.Additionally,the carotid plaque samples were subjected to histopathological examination postoperatively.The density of neovessels and the number of macrophages in the plaques were assessed by immunohistochemistry.The results showed that among the 115 patients,grade 0 plaque contrast enhancement was noted in 35 patients,grade 1 in 48 patients and grade 2 in 32 patients.The degree of plaque enhancement,the density ofneovessels,the number of macrophages,and the hs-CRP levels were highest in the grade 2 patients.Correlation analysis showed that the enhancement degree of the carotid plaques was closely related to the immunohistochemical parameters of the plaques and the serum hs-CRP levels.It was suggested that the carotid plaque enhancement on CEUS can be used to evaluate the vulnerability of carotid plaques.

Relation of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels to bone mineral density in southern Chinese postmenopausal women: A preliminary study.

Background & objectives: Vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent in postmenopausal women and has been related to low bone mineral density (BMD). However, controversial results have been reported for the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and BMD. This study was done to investigate whether serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with BMD in postmenopausal women living in Guangzhou in southern China. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 119 asymptomatic postmenopausal women, aged 48-85 yr, who were consecutively selected from Guangzhou city. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. The correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and BMD wes investigated. Results: With increasing serum 25(OH)D levels categorized as <20, 20-30, and ≥30ng/ml, the PTH levels decreased gradually (P=0.031). Bivariate correlation analyses showed an inverse relationship between serum 25(OH)D and PTH levels after controlling for age and BMI (r=-0.209, P=0.023). Although subjects with vitamin D<30 ng/ml had significantly lower BMD, age- and BMI-adjusted serum 25(OH)D was weakly correlated with BMD at femoral neck (r=0.185, P=0.045), and not at lumbar spine (r=0.172, P=0.063). In multiple regression analyses, serum 25(OH)D was a predictor for BMD at femoral neck (R 2=0.424). However, serum β-CTX was a determinant for BMD at lumbar spine (R 2=0.361). Interpretation & conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D levels showed a positive correlation with BMD at femoral neck and serum β-CTX levels were inversely correlated with BMD at lumbar spine in postmenopausal women. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical impact of these findings.

Application of "tennis racket" flap with fascial pedicle on the healthy chest for the radiation ulcer after surgical treatment of breast carcinoma / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce the application of "tennis racket" flap with fascial pedicle on the healthy chest for radiation ulcer after surgical treatment of breast cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The " tennis racket" flap was designed on the healthy chest along the cartilage with fascia pedicle near the sternum. 9 cases were treated. The flaps size ranged from 5.0 cm x 3.5 cm to 13 cm x 11 cm with pedicle size of 2-8 cm in length and 2.0-3.0 cm in width.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 9 flaps survived completely with satisfactory appearance. The patients were followed up for 2 months to 3 years without ulcer reoccurrence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The "tennis racket" flap has a slender fascial pedicle without major blood vessel. It has the advantages of good flexibility for rotation and large flap size for the reconstruction of the radiation ulcer after surgical treatment of breast cancer.</p>

The rapid and sustained responses of dendritic cells to influenza virus infection in a non-human primate model

Dendritic cells (DCs) are readily infected by influenza viruses and play a crucial role in regulating host innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection. The aims of this study are to characterize the dynamic changes in the numbers and maturation status of dendritic cells present in the lung and lung-associated lymph nodes (LALNs) in the model of a non-human primate (NHP) infected by influenza A virus (IAV). Cynomolgus macaques were infected with influenza A virus (H3N2) via bronchoscopy. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the DC numbers, maturation status and subsets during the time of acute infection (days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7) and the resolution phase (day 30). A dramatic increase in the numbers of influenza A virus-infected CD11c+CD14- myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and CD11c-CD123+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were observed from day 1 to day 4 and peak up from day 7 post-infection. In lung and lung-associated lymph nodes, the numbers and maturation status of myeloid dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells increased more slowly than those in the lung tissues. On day 30 post-infection, influenza A virus challenge increased the number of myeloid dendritic cells, but not plasmacytoid dendritic cells, compared with baseline. These findings indicate that dendritic cells are susceptible to influenza A virus infection, with the likely purpose of increasing mature myeloid dendritic cells numbers in the lung and lung and lung-associated lymph nodes, which provides important new insights into the regulation of dendritic cells in a non-human primate model.

Effects of RNAi-mediated Gene Silencing of LRIG1 on Proliferation and Invasion of Glioma Cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The effects of RNAi-mediated gene silencing of LRIG1 on proliferation and invasion of the human glioma cell line U251-MG and the possible mechanisms were explored in this study.The plasmids pGenesi12-LRIG1-shRNA1 and pGenesi12-LRIGl-shRNA2 were transfected into U251-MG glioma cells respectively by using Lipofectamine 2000 and the transfected cells in which the LRIGI expression was stably suppressed were selected by G418.The cells transfected with negative shRNA served as control.The expression levels of LRIG1 mRNA and protein were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.The results showed that LRIG1 mRNA expression was reduced by 70％ and 58％ and LRIG1 protein expression by 58％ and 26％ in U251-MG cells transfected with pGenesil2-LRIGl-shRNAl and pGenesil2-LRIG1-shRNA2 relative to the negative shRNA-transfected U251-MG cells.The proliferative capacity of the LRIG1 specific siRNA-transfected cells was stronger than that of control cells.Cell cycle analysis showed that silencing LRIG 1 significantly increased the percentage of S phase cells and the proliferation index (P＜0.01).Moreover,silencing LRIG1 could promote the invasion of U251-MG cells (P＜0.05).These findings suggested that LRIG1-targeting siRNA can exert a dramatically inhibitory effect on RNA transcription and protein expression of LRIG1,and LRIG1down-regulation could promote the proliferation of U251-MG cells,arrest U251-MG cells in S phase,and enhance the invasion of U251-MG cells.

Effects of Acetylcholine on Electrical Remodeling of Human Atrial Fibers / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Autonomic nervous system activation can result in significant changes of atrial electrophysiology and facilitate induction of atrial fibrillation.By recording influence of different concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) on atrial fibers (AF),we investigated the role of the increased vagal tone in electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation.Parameters of action potentials and force contraction (Fc) in atrial fibers were recorded by using standard intracellular microelectrode technique and force transducer.It was found that:(1) ACh at 0.1 μmol/L had no significant influence on spontaneous action potentials (SAPs) and Fc (n=6,P＞0.05); ACh at both 1.0 and 10.0 μmol/L shortened action potential duration (APD) and Fc of human AF from right atrium (n=6,P＜0.05); there was no significant difference in shortening APD between 10.0 and 1.0 μmol/L of ACh; (2) ACh at 0.1 μmol/L had no significant desensitization (n=6,P＞0.05),but ACh at 1.0 and 10.0 μmol/L had desensitization (n=6,P＜0.05) to SAPs and Fc.The desensitization of ACh on APD in AF was concentration- and time-dependent.It was shown that APD was longer than the control along with extending time of continuous Tyrode's solution perfusion after desensitization.It is concluded that ACh changes the electrophysiological characteristics of human AF,indicating that increased vagal tone plays a role in the development of a vulnerable substrate for atrial electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation.

Bioinformatics analysis on ORF1 protein of Torque teno virus (SANBAN isolate)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the sequence of ORF1 protein of Torque teno virus to prepare for the future hybrid experiments.@*METHODS@#The sequence of ORF1 protein of Torque teno virus was analyzed by bioinformatics using some web tools.@*RESULTS@#The most likely cleavage site was between position 14aa and 15aa and signal peptide may be position 1aa-14aa. Two possible transmembrane helices from inside to outside and three possible transmembrane helices from outside to inside were found. The position 509 (NKTN) was the potential N-glycosylation site. The speculative molecular weight of TTV ORF1 protein, which may be a kind of unstable protein was 88 705.7 Da. 1aa-91aa and 278aa-361aa were localized in non-regular secondary structure region.@*CONCLUSIONS@#TTV ORF1 protein may be a nuclear protein which contains two non-regular secondary structure region. 265aa to 486aa and 510aa to 679aa may be the two approciate fragments to construct the plasmids, which would be prepared for the future hybrid experiments to study the functional positions of the protein and the interactions between TTV and its hosts. Bioinformatics analysis would possibly make it easier to study the protein's function.

Phylogenetic relationships between Bacillus species and related genera inferred from 16s rDNA sequences

Neigh-borjoining, maximum-parsimony, minimum-evolution, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian trees constructed based on 16S rDNA sequences of 181 type strains of Bacillus species and related taxa manifested nine phylogenetic groups. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Bacillus was not a monophyletic group. B. subtilis was in Group 1. Group 4, 6 and 8 respectively consisted of thermophiles, halophilic or halotolerant bacilli and alkaliphilic bacilli. Group 2, 4 and 8 consisting of Bacillus species and related genera demonstrated that the current taxonomic system did not agree well with the 16S rDNA evolutionary trees. The position of Caryophanaceae and Planococcaceae in Group 2 suggested that they might be transferred into Bacillaceae, and the heterogeneity of Group 2 implied that some Bacillus species in it might belong to several new genera. Group 9 was mainly comprised of the genera (excluding Bacillus) of Bacillaceae, so some Bacillus species in Group 9: B. salarius, B. qingdaonensis and B. thermcloacae might not belong to Bacillus. Four Bacillus species, B. schlegelii, B. tusciae, B. edaphicus and B. mucilaginosus were clearly placed outside the nine groups.

Árvores utilizando os métodos de neighbor-joining, máxima parcimônia, evolução mínima, máxima verossimilhança e bayesiana, construídas baseadas em seqüências de rDNA 16S de 181 linhagens-tipo de espécies de Bacillus e taxa relacionados, mostraram a formação de nove grupos filogenéticos. A análise filogenética mostrou que Bacillus não é um grupo monofilético. B. subtilis se colocou no Grupo 1. Grupos 4, 6 e 8, respectivamente, consistiram de bacilos termofílicos, halofílicos ou halotolerantes e alcalifílicos. Grupos 2, 4 e 8 consistindo de espécies de Bacillus e gêneros relacionados demonstraram que o sistema taxonômico corrente não concorda perfeitamente com as árvores evolucionárias por rDNA 16S. A posição de Caryophanaceae e Planococcaceae no Grupo 2 sugere que estes podem ser transferidos para Bacillaceae, e a heterogeneidade do Grupo 2 implica em que algumas espécies de Bacillus neste grupo podem pertencer a vários novos gêneros. O Grupo 9 foi principalmente composto de gêneros de Bacillaceae (excluindo Bacillus), portanto algumas espécies de Bacillus no Grupo 9: B. salarius, B. qingdaonensis e B. thermcloacae podem não pertencer a Bacillus. Quatro espécies de Bacillus, B. schlegelii, B. tusciae, B. edaphicus e B. mucilaginosus foram claramente colocadas fora dos nove grupos.

Eficácia e tolerabilidade de celecoxibe versus diclofenaco: resultados de um estudo multicêntrico, randomizado, duplo-cego, de não inferioridade, em indivíduos com lombalgia aguda / Efficacy and tolerability of celecoxib versus diclofenac: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, noninferiority study in subjects with acute low back pain

Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia de celecoxibe 200 mg duas vezes ao dia com diclofenaco 75 mg duas vezes ao dia no tratamento de lombalgia aguda (ALBP).Desenho da pesquisa e métodos: Estudo de não inferioridade multicêntrico, randomizado, duplo-cego. Pacientes com lombalgia aguda, Quebec Task Force classe 1 ou 2, com um escore na escala analógica visual (VAS) maior que 50 mm (escala de 100 mm), e dor moderada a grave em uma escala categórica foram randomizados para receber celecoxibe 400 mg mais 200 mg no dia 1, seguido por 200 mg duas vezes ao dia daí em diante (N =123) ou diclofenaco 75 mg duas vezes ao dia (N =121) durante 7 dias. Principais medidas de resultado: O resultado (end point) primário foi a alteração na intensidade da dor (PI) (VAS, mm) do período basal ao dia 3 para a população por protocolo. Os end points secundários incluíram dor e resultados de funcionalidade, além de avaliações de segurança e tolerabilidade. Resultados: As reduções médias pelo método dos mínimos quadrados em intensidade da dor (PI) do período basal ao dia 3 foram semelhantes para celecoxibe (-40,00) e diclofenaco (-42,55). Celecoxibe foi comparável ao diclofenaco, já que o limite inferior do intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC) da diferença estimada (diclofenaco - celecoxibe [-2,56 mm IC 95%: -7,67 a 2,56 mm]) ficou dentro da margem de não inferioridade pré-especificada de - 10 mm. No geral, as taxas de evento adverso foram ligeiramente mais altas no grupo diclofenaco (21,5%) do que no grupo celecoxibe (16,3%). Nove eventos adversos gastrointestinais superiores de intensidade moderada a grave foram relatados em pacientes que utilizaram celecoxibe (7,3%) e 15 em pacientes que utilizaram diclofenaco (12,4%). Conclusão: Celecoxibe 400 mg mais 200 mg no dia 1, seguido por 200 mg duas vezes ao dia daí em diante, proporciona alívio eficaz para dor lombar aguda e foi pelo menos tão eficaz quanto diclofenaco 75 mg duas vezes ao dia, com incidência mais baixa de eventos adversos...

Application of Pulmonary Venoplasty in the Surgical Treatment of Lung Cancer / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Presented in this study were three cases of lung cancer undergoing pulmonary venoplasty.In the 3 patients with central type of carcinoma of lung involving pulmonary vein, the main branch of right superior pulmonary vein and the distal end of the superior-lobe vein were occluded. The root part of the vein of right-middle lobe, plus part of vessel of of right superior vein was resected. The right superior vein was reconstructed by continuous 6-0 Prolene sutures. After the operation, the reconstructed was patent and the surgical margin was tumor-free. Postoperatively, clinical manifestations and plain chest films did not show any signs of venous blockade. The patients were discharged healed 3 weeks after the operation. The technical details of the surgery were presented, the improvements on the basis of traditional methods were discussed and its clinical application was evaluated. It is concluded that pulmonary venoplasty is a safe and feasible operation. Further improvement of the surgery will help conserve more lung tissue and benefit more patients because of expanded indications.